Modular battery pack system with multi-voltage bus

ABSTRACT

A method and system provide a plurality of power cell modules. The power cell modules can be stacked together such that they are electrically connected and share a collective multi-voltage bus. Electronic appliances can be connected to one of the power cell modules to be powered by all of the connected power cell modules. Power cell modules can be easily added or removed from the bank without interrupting the supply of power to the electronic appliance.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/706,057, filed Dec. 6, 2019; which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/443,266, filed Jun. 17, 2019; which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/693,230, filedJul. 2, 2018; the contents of each of which are incorporated herein byreference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Most households rely on the municipal power grid to supply their homeenergy needs. Municipal power grids typically utilize hydroelectric,nuclear, or fossil fuel power generation in order to supply asubstantially constant and reliable source of electricity for homes,businesses, and public buildings.

In spite of the general reliability of municipal power grids, there areinstances in which the municipal power grid is unable to supplyelectricity. For example, storms, earthquakes, accidents, maintenance,and equipment failure can all result in the interruption of themunicipal power supply. In these situations, individuals andorganizations may seek to implement backup or alternative power supplyoptions.

Many individuals and organizations own combustion generators as a backuppower supply or as a portable power supply solution. When the municipalpower grid is interrupted, combustion generators can be used to generateelectricity by burning fossil fuels. Individuals and organizations alsouse portable combustion generators to power electronic appliances atlocations such as campsites, parks, and construction sites.

While combustion generators can be an effective solution in someinstances, combustion generators also suffer from many drawbacks. Forexample, combustion generators are often very inefficient. Whenactivated, they typically burn a fixed amount of fuel, regardless of theneeds of the appliances that they are powering.

Furthermore, many appliances need to receive electrical power onlyintermittently. Combustion generators will continue to use fuel andgenerate electricity even during the periods when an electronicappliance does not need electricity. Although some generators have a lowpower mode, the low power mode still burns fuel continuously regardlessof load. As an example, if a remote application requires 5 V, thecombustion generator will maintain a minimum operating output that maygreatly exceed the actual need, thereby wasting energy. Also, generatorsoften have fixed amounts of fuel and therefore a fixed amount of timethey can operate without receiving additional fuel.

Additionally, campsites and parks typically restrict the hours duringwhich combustion generators can be operated. Other venues, such as tradeshows or convention halls, may prohibit the use of generators entirely.Noise and fumes that are created often mean that combustion generatorsare placed at a distance, which creates power transmission problems.

While the municipal power grid is typically a reliable source ofelectricity for appliances, light fixtures, and other stationaryelectrical devices, the municipal power grid has serious limitationswhen it comes to providing electricity for devices that are notstationary. For example, electrical yard work tools such as leafblowers, weed whackers, hedge trimmers require long extension cords ifthey are to receive power from the municipal power grid. This leads toserious drawbacks such as the high cost of sufficiently long extensioncords and the hassle of extension cords become entangled and unplugged.

To deal with such drawbacks, manufacturers of power intensive portableelectronic appliances have made battery-powered portable electronicdevices. However, due to limited capacity, the batteries often drainbefore work is completed. The batteries must be recharged before thebatteries can be utilized again. Additionally, charging these batteriesrequires specific cords and adapters that become lost or mixed amongseveral cords and adapters.

What is needed is a system and method that solves the long-standingtechnical problem of providing alternative energy supply and storagesolutions that are efficient, flexible, and simple in both stationaryand portable situations.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the preset disclosure provide a system of power cellmodules that is effective in stationary and portable situations and thatis effective for both large-scale and small-scale energy supplyrequirements. The power cell modules can be stacked together in a bankof power cells to jointly power electronic appliances. Individual powercell modules can be removed from the bank of power cells in order toprovide power to portable electronic appliances, without interruptingthe power provided by the bank of power cells to other electronicappliances.

In one embodiment, each individual power cell module provides multiplevoltages to a multi-voltage bus. When the power cells are connectedtogether in a bank or stack, the multi-voltage bus is connected acrossall of the power cells and receives the multiple voltages from eachpower cell. Each power cell includes user power outputs that carry themultiple available voltages and enable users to connect to any of theavailable voltages without operating any switches.

Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a powersource and energy supply solution that is robust enough to power a home,flexible enough to conveniently power portable equipment, and simpleenough that users can easily implement the solution without risk andwithout involving a professional electrician.

In one embodiment, the system provides stackable, interchangeable,reconfigurable, independent, portable power and energy devices for thepurposes of power generation, energy capture and storage solutions. Theadvantages of flexibility in the size, both physical and in feature andfunction, are numerous. System priorities can now become the primarydriver in the decision process of stacking a system or choosing anindividual module for the specific task. Some of the priorities that canbe taken into account with such a system include but are not limited tophysical strength of an individual user, available size and space at anintended destination, and need to capture/store energy at the location,the location itself. For example, a vehicle may simply need assurance topower a dead starter battery. A relatively low output power cell modulemay be connected to run an application for a short period of time or maybe used with multiple power cell modules to run for a longer duration. Apower cell module or stack of power cell modules will provide energy toa device with intermittent power needs only when needed, unlike acombustion generator that will continue burning fuel to generateelectricity regardless of the need.

In one embodiment, the power cell modules are safe and movable by aperson. Regardless of the size of the total system, the power cellmodules can be transported, stored, recharged, and used for the purposesof providing, storing or capturing energy.

In one embodiment, because the system can be made up of one or morepower cell modules, the system is a better design, holistically,situationally, economically, sustainably, and with a more utilitarianapproach than other designed systems. The system has the advantage ofscaling up or down depending on the specific application.

Embodiments of the present disclosure address some of the shortcomingsassociated with traditional stationary and portable energy solutions.The various embodiments of the disclosure can be implemented to improvethe technical fields of energy storage, off-grid energy solutions,emergency energy solutions, and portable power supplies.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power cell module, in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of internal circuitry of a power cell module,in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of voltage combination circuitry of apower cell module, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a wiring harness for a power cell module,in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 5 is side sectional view of a portion of a wiring harness for apower cell module, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a power cell module, in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a system including a bank of power cellmodules, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an illustration of an energy storage and supply systemincluding a bank of power cell modules, in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 9 is an illustration of an energy storage and supply systemincluding power cell modules in use in a stationary and a portablesituation, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 10A is a block diagram of internal circuitry of a power cellmodule, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 10B is a block diagram of internal circuitry of a power cellmodule, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 10C is a block diagram of internal circuitry of a power cellmodule, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of a process for providing energy from asystem of power cell modules, in accordance with one embodiment.

Common reference numerals are used throughout the FIG.s and the detaileddescription to indicate like elements. One skilled in the art willreadily recognize that the above FIG.s are examples and that otherarchitectures, modes of operation, orders of operation, andelements/functions can be provided and implemented without departingfrom the characteristics and features of the invention, as set forth inthe claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments will now be discussed with reference to the accompanyingFIG.s, which depict one or more exemplary embodiments. Embodiments maybe implemented in many different forms and should not be construed aslimited to the embodiments set forth herein, shown in the FIG.s, and/ordescribed below. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided toallow a complete disclosure that conveys the principles of theinvention, as set forth in the claims, to those of skill in the art.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power cell module 102, according to anembodiment. The power cell module 102 includes a plurality of batteries104, voltage combination circuitry 106, a multi-voltage bus 108, controlcircuitry 110, inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112, user poweroutputs 114, voltage conversion circuitry 113, inter-modulecommunication circuitry 117, sensors 116, and a display 118, accordingto various embodiments. The components of the power cell module 102enable the power cell module 102 to function as a standalone powersupply or to connect with other power cell modules as part of a bank orstack of power cell modules that collectively provide electricity to oneor more electronic appliances.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes a plurality ofbatteries 104. The batteries 104 can include one or more of lead acidbatteries, lithium-ion batteries, Nickel-Zinc batteries, Nickel-Cadmiumbatteries, Nickel-metal-hydride batteries, and Zinc-Magnesium oxidebatteries. In one embodiment, each of the batteries 104 within a givenpower cell module 102 is a same type of battery. Alternatively, in someembodiments, the batteries 104 in a given power cell module 102 caninclude multiple types of batteries.

In one example, in accordance with one embodiment, the power cell module102 includes four individual batteries 104. The individual batteries 104include 12 V lead acid batteries. The power cell module 102 utilizes the12 V lead acid batteries to provide electricity to one more electronicappliances either as a standalone power cell module 102, or as part of abank or stack of power cell modules 102 that collectively provideelectricity to one or more electronic appliances.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes voltagecombination circuitry 106. The voltage combination circuitry 106 iscoupled to the terminals of the batteries 104 in order to provide,simultaneously, multiple output voltages from the batteries 104. Theoutput voltages provided by the voltage combination circuitry 106correspond to various series and parallel connections of the batteries104. Thus, each output voltage provided by the voltage combinationcircuitry 106 corresponds to a parallel connection of multiple of thebatteries 104, a series connection of multiple of the batteries 104, ora combination of series and parallel connections of multiple of thebatteries 104.

In one embodiment, the voltage combination circuitry 106 provides themultiple output voltages simultaneously. For example, the voltagecombination circuitry 106 can include one set of terminals that providean output voltage that is a series connection of all the batteries 104,one set of terminals that provides an output voltage that is a parallelconnection of all of the batteries 104, and a set of terminals thatprovides an output voltage that is a parallel connection of two sets ofbatteries wherein each set of batteries is a series connection of two ormore of the batteries 104.

In one embodiment, the voltage combination circuitry 106 includescircuit components among the various connections that prohibitshort-circuits among the various output voltages. For example, theconnection between two terminals of two of the batteries 104 can includeone or more diodes configured to prohibit the flow of current in anundesired direction. This can ensure that the voltage combinationcircuitry 106 can provide various combinations of voltages withoutshort-circuiting and without the need of a multiplexer, according to oneembodiment.

In one embodiment, the voltage combination circuitry 106 provides allthe output voltages simultaneously. The voltage combination circuitry106 does not generate the various output voltages via transformers,voltage multipliers, or charge pumps, according to an embodiment.Instead, the voltage combination circuitry 106 provides each outputvoltage as series, parallel, or series and parallel connections betweenthe various terminals of the batteries 104, according to one embodiment.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes a multi-voltagebus 108. The multi-voltage bus 108 receives the output voltages from thevoltage combination circuitry 106. The multi-voltage bus 108 includes aplurality of voltage lines, one for each output voltage of themulti-voltage bus 108. Thus, each voltage line of the multi-voltage bus108 carries a voltage corresponding to one of the respective outputvoltages from the voltage combination circuitry 106. Accordingly, themulti-voltage bus 108 simultaneously carries all output voltages fromthe voltage combination circuitry 106, according to an embodiment.

In one embodiment, the multi-voltage bus 108 is designed so that whenthe power cell module 102 is connected in a bank of power cell modules,the multi-voltage bus 108 connects to a corresponding multi-voltage busfrom all of the power cell modules of the bank of power cell modules.Accordingly, when the power cell module 102 is connected in a bank ofpower cell modules, the bank of power cell modules has a collectivemulti-voltage bus that is the continuation of each of the multi-voltagebuses of the various power cell modules of the bank of power cellmodules.

In one embodiment, when the power cell module 102 is connected to asecond power cell module, each line of the multi-voltage bus 108 iselectrically connected to a corresponding line of a multi-voltage bus ofthe second power cell module. If the multi-voltage bus 108 includesthree lines each carrying either a respective output voltage V1, V2, orV3, when the power cell module 102 is connected to the second power cellmodule, the V1 line of the multi-voltage bus 108 is connected to the V1line of the multi-voltage bus of the second power cell module, the V2line of the multi-voltage bus 108 is connected to the V2 line of themulti-voltage bus of the second power cell module, and the V3 line ofthe multi-voltage bus 108 is connected to the V3 line of themulti-voltage bus of the second power cell module. Accordingly, themulti-voltage bus 108 of the modular battery power cell 102 and themulti-voltage bus of the second power cell module form a collectivemulti-voltage bus including the V1 line, the V2 line, and V3 line. Eachadditional power cell module connected into the bank of power cellmodules joins the collective multi-voltage bus. Each power cell moduleprovides V1, V2, and V3 to the collective multi-voltage bus.

In one embodiment, the advantage of the multi-voltage bus is that usersdo not need to manually control the power cell modules to provide aparticular desired voltage. If this were not the case, then it ispossible that each power cell module would need to be manually orelectronically configured by the user in the exact same way to avoidshort-circuits or other electrical problems that can come withmismatched voltage connections between the various power cell modules.Instead, each power cell module, in accordance with one embodiment,provides all voltages and contributes to the collective multi-voltagebus. As will be set forth in greater detail below, this enables a verysimple set up that requires little or no electrical knowledge from usersbefore they can safely and effectively use the power cell modules eitherindividually or in a bank of power cell modules.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes control circuitry110. The control circuitry 110 can include one or more processors ormicrocontrollers that control the operation of the power cell module102. The one or more processors can execute software instructions storedin one or more memories in order to control the functionality of thevarious aspects of the power cell module 102. The one or more processorscan also be controlled via manual interaction or wireless communicationcontrolled inputs. The control circuitry 110 can operate in accordancewith firmware stored in the one or more memories.

In one embodiment, the control circuitry 110 is able to selectivelyconnect or disconnect the voltage combination circuitry 106 from themulti-voltage bus 108. For example, if the batteries 104 are depleted,or in a fault state, that the control circuitry 110 can operate switchesare circuit breakers that disconnect the output voltages of the voltagecombination circuitry 106 from the multi-voltage bus 108.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes sensors 116. Thesensors 116 sense various aspects of the power cell module 102. Thesensors 116 provides sensor signals to the control circuitry 110. Thecontrol circuitry 110 can control the components and functionalities ofthe power cell module 102 responsive to the sensor signals from thesensors 116 and in accordance with internal logic of the controlcircuitry 110. For example, the control circuitry 110 can disconnect thevoltage combination circuitry 106 from the multi-voltage bus 108responsive to the sensor signals.

In one embodiment, the sensors 116 can include multiple sensors thatsense the voltages output by each battery 104. The voltage sensors canoutput sensor signals to the control circuitry 110 indicative of thevoltage outputs of each battery. The voltage sensors can also sense theoutput voltages provided by the voltage combination circuitry 106 andcan provide sensor signals to the control circuitry 110 indicative ofthe output voltages provided by the voltage combination circuitry 106.The control circuitry 110 can control components and functionality ofthe power cell module 102 responsive to the sensed voltages. In oneembodiment, the voltage sensors are part of the control circuitry 110.Alternatively, the voltage sensors can be external to the controlcircuitry 110.

In one embodiment, the sensors 116 can include current sensors. Thecurrent sensors can sense the current flowing from each of the batteries104. The current sensors can sense the total current flowing from thepower cell module 102. The current sensors can also sense the currentflowing from the batteries 104 through each line of the multi-voltagebus 108. The current sensors output sensor signals to the controlcircuitry 110 indicative of the various currents flowing in and from thepower cell module 102. The control circuitry 110 can control componentsand functionality of the power cell module 102 responsive to the sensedcurrents. In one embodiment, the current sensors are part of the controlcircuitry 110. Alternatively, the current sensors can be external to thecontrol circuitry 110.

In one embodiment, the sensors 116 can include temperature sensors. Thetemperature sensors can sense the temperatures of the batteries 104. Thetemperature sensors can sense a temperature within the power cell module102. The temperature sensors can also sense the temperature of variouscomponents within the power cell module 102. The temperature sensors canoutput sensor signals indicative of the various temperatures to thecontrol circuitry 110. The control circuitry 110 can then take actionresponsive to the temperatures. For example, the control circuitry 110can disconnect the voltage combination circuitry 106 from themulti-voltage bus 108 to stop the flow of current in response to anindication that the batteries 104 overheating.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes user power outputs114. The user power outputs 114 include various ports each outputting aparticular voltage. For example, the user power outputs 114 can includeone or more output ports for each voltage carried by the multi-voltagebus 108. A user can connect an electronic appliance to one of the outputports in order to provide power to the electronic appliance. The usercan connect the electronic appliance to the output port that carries thecorrect voltage for the electronic appliance. The power cell module 102can also include user power inputs that can receive electricalconnections to provide power to the power cell module 102.

If the multi-voltage bus 108 includes three output voltages V1, V2, andV3, the user power outputs 114 can include multiple output ports foreach output voltage. Each output port can correspondence to a particulartype of connection. Accordingly, there may be multiple types of outputports for a single output voltage to fit multiple types of electricalconnectors for electronic appliances. In one embodiment, the user poweroutputs 114 can receive dongles or adaptors that fit the output ports toparticular common connection schemes. In one embodiment, if anelectronic appliance requires a DC voltage other than those carried bythe multi-voltage bus 108, then an adapter can be plugged into one ofthe output ports, receive the voltage from the output port, and step thevoltage up or down in order to achieve the voltage required by theelectronic appliance.

In one embodiment, when the power cell module 102 is connected in a bankof power cell modules, if a user plugs an electronic appliance into oneof the user power outputs 114, power is provided to the electronicappliance from each power cell module connected to the multi-voltage bus108. Thus, when an electronic appliance is plugged into the power outputof one power cell module in a bank of power cell modules, the electronicappliance draws a portion of the overall current from each power cellmodule connected to the multi-voltage bus 108. Thus, large numbers ofpower cell modules can be connected in a bank so that a particularelectronic appliance, or several electronic appliances, can be poweredfor a long time by the bank of power cell modules.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes voltage conversioncircuitry 113. The voltage conversion circuitry 113 is connected to oneor more of the voltage lines of the multi-voltage bus 108. The voltageconversion circuitry 113 receives one or more output voltages from themulti-voltage bus 108 and generates other voltages. The other voltagescan include DC voltages intermediate to the output voltages of themulti-voltage bus 108, greater than the highest voltage carried by themulti-voltage bus 108, less than the smallest voltage carried by themulti-voltage bus 108, and voltages of a different type than thevoltages carried by the multi-voltage bus 108. The user power outputs114 can include one or more output ports for each voltage generated bythe voltage conversion circuitry 113. This enables users to plugelectronic appliances into output ports that carry voltages other thanthose carried by the multi-voltage bus 108.

In one embodiment, because the voltages generated by the voltageconversion circuitry 113 are generated from the multi-voltage bus 108,electronic appliances that receive voltages generated by the voltageconversion circuitry 113 draw power from each of the power cell modulesconnected to the multi-voltage bus 108.

In one embodiment, the voltage conversion circuitry 113 receives a DCvoltage from the multi-voltage bus 108 and generates an AC voltage. TheAC voltage is then provided to one or more of the user power outputs114. Accordingly, the voltage conversion circuitry 113 can include oneor more inverters to generate one or more AC voltages. In oneembodiment, one of the AC voltages has an amplitude and frequencycorresponding to the amplitude and frequency of a local municipal powergrid. For example, one of the AC voltages can include 110 V AC at 60 Hz,corresponding to standard wall voltage in North America and many otherareas. Another AC voltage can include 220 V AC at 60 Hz, correspondingto the increased voltage at which some electronic appliances operate inNorth America and many other areas.

In one embodiment, in the event of a failure of the municipal powergrid, electronic appliances that normally plug into the wall voltage, orinto the higher than wall voltage, can be plugged into the power cellmodule 102 or can otherwise receive power from the power cell module102. If the power cell module 102 is connected in a bank of a largenumber of power cell modules, then the AC powered electronic appliancescan draw power from all of the power cell modules that are connected tothe multi-voltage bus 108. In one embodiment, the system can be pluggedinto a standard wall outlet of a house when the municipal power grid isinterrupted and is not supplying power. A power chord can be pluggedinto the wall outlet from one of the power cell modules. The power cellmodule converts one of the DC output voltages from the multi-voltage businto an AC voltage having the correct frequency and amplitude for thewall outlet. The AC voltage is then supplied to the wall outlet. All ofthe wall outlets that are on the same circuit can now be powered by theAC voltage supplied from the power cell module or bank of power cellmodules. Before doing this, the user will need to access the circuit boxand trip the circuit breaker to that circuit so that if the municipalpower grid comes back online there will not be a short circuit. Thepower cell module can include protective circuitry to protect the powercell module in the event of a short circuit. The power can be suppliedvia a bank of power cell modules.

In one embodiment, the voltage conversion circuitry 113 can receive avoltage from the multi-voltage bus 108 and can convert the voltage toone or more voltages associated with typical personal electronic deviceconnectors. For example, many electronic devices are powered by aspecified small voltage, such as 3.1 V or 5 V. Many electronic devicesare adapted to receive voltages from standardized output ports such asUSB 2.0, USB 3.0, micro USB, USB C, or other types of charging ports.The voltage conversion circuitry 113 can generate the voltagesassociated with these types of charging ports. The user power outputs114 can include multiple charging ports that fit the various standardports and that receive the proper voltages from the voltage conversioncircuitry 113. Users can then plug their personal electronic devices,such as mobile phones, tablets, ear phones, game controllers, wearableelectronic devices, drones, and other kinds of personal electronicdevices that can be charged from a standard output port, into thecorresponding output ports of the user power outputs 114 in order tocharge their personal electronic devices.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes a display 118. Thedisplay 118 can output data or other messages indicating a current stateof the power cell module 102. The display 118 can indicate the number ofpower cell modules connected in a bank of power cell modules. Thedisplay 118 can indicate the current level of charge in the batteries104, an indication of the current or power being output by the powercell module 102, or a length of time until the batteries 104 need to berecharged at the current power draw. The display 118 can indicatewhether there is a fault condition associated with the power cell module102. The display 118 can provide instructions to a user forinitializing, utilizing, or troubleshooting the power cell module 102.The display 118 can provide data indicating which of the user poweroutputs 114 is currently in use. The display 118 can provide informationsuch as the temperature within the power cell module 102 or the voltagelevels of the batteries 104.

In one embodiment, the control circuitry 110 can control the display118. The control circuitry 110 can output messages to the user via thedisplay 118. The control circuitry 110 can output instructions to theuser for operating the power cell module 102 or for providing thecurrent status of the power cell module 102 to the user. The display canalso display information pushed to other power cell modules or connectedelectronic devices.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes inter-modulemulti-voltage bus connectors 112. The inter-module multi-voltage busconnectors 112 electrically connect the voltage lines of themulti-voltage bus 108 to the corresponding voltage lines of a secondpower cell module. The inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112 caninclude Anderson connectors or other types of standard or uniqueconnectors that can couple the voltage lines of the multi-voltage bus108 to the corresponding voltage lines of the multi-voltage bus of asecond power cell module.

In one embodiment, the inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112automatically connect the voltage lines of the multi-voltage bus 108 tothe corresponding voltage lines of a second power cell module when thepower cell module 102 is attached to the second power cell module.Accordingly, the inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112 caninclude fasteners that assist in securely fastening the power cellmodule 102 to a second power cell module when stacked together.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes inter-modulemulti-voltage bus connectors 112 on top and bottom surfaces of the powercell module 102. Thus, when the power cell module 102 is connected in abank of power cell modules 102, the power cell module 102 can beconnected to a second power cell module below the power cell module 102,and a third power cell module can be connected to the top of the powercell module 102. In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 caninclude latches, releases, and other connection hardware that enablesthe power cell module 102 to quickly attach to other power cell modulesand to quickly be released from other power cell modules.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes inter-modulecommunication circuitry 117. The inter-module communication circuitry117 enables the power cell module 102 to communicate with other powercell modules in a bank of power cell modules in which the power cellmodule 102 is connected. The inter-module communication circuitry 117can share the status or condition of each power cell module. In oneembodiment, the inter-module communication circuitry 117 includeswireless transceivers enabling the power cell modules to communicatewith each other wirelessly. In one embodiment, the inter-modulecommunication circuitry 117 includes wired connections that enable thepower cell modules to communicate with each other across wiredconnections. In one embodiment, the inter-module communication circuitrycan enable the power cell module 102 to establish which power cellmodule in a bank of connected power cell modules is the master orcontrolling power cell module.

In one embodiment, the inter-module communication circuitry cancommunicate with one or more users. For example, the inter-modulecommunication circuitry 117 can send alerts to the user regarding thecurrent state of the inter-power cell module 102, or the bank ofinter-power cell modules. The inter-module communication circuitry 117can alert the user when the overall capacity of the bank of power cellmodules is low so that the user can recharge power cell modules or makeother provisions for powering electronic appliances. In one embodiment,the users can install a dedicated power cell module system applicationon a personal computing device, such as a smart phone. The power cellmodule system application can enable the user to control or otherwisecommunicate with the power cell modules.

In one embodiment, when the power cell modules are connected in a bankof power cell modules, one of the power cell modules can be designatedas the master power cell module. Users can be directed to connectelectronic appliances to the master power cell module, the electronicappliances can then be powered by the entire bank of power cells via themaster power cell. In one embodiment, the master power cell issubstantially the same as the other power cell modules in the bank powercells. Alternatively, the master power cells can be a different type ofpower cell that includes additional connections and functionality.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes a casing. Thecomponents of the power cell module one 102 are positioned primarilywithin the casing. The display 118 and the user power outputs 114 can bepositioned on an outer surface of the casing. The inter-modulemulti-voltage bus connectors 112 can also be positioned, at leastpartially, and an outer surface of the casing. Inter-module dataconnection ports and other I/O ports can be positioned on the outersurface of the casing.

Those of skill in the art will recognize, in light of the presentdisclosure, that a power cell module 102 in accordance with the presentdisclosure can include additional components, fewer components, ordifferent combinations of components than are shown in FIG. 1, withoutdeparting from the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of circuitry of the power cell module 102 ofFIG. 1, according to one embodiment. With reference to FIGS. 1-2 and thedescription of FIG. 1 above, the power cell module 102 includes fourbatteries 104 a-104 d, voltage combination circuitry 106, circuitbreakers 119, a multi-voltage bus 108, voltage conversion circuitry 113,user power outputs 114, control circuitry 110, sensors 116, and adisplay 118, according to various embodiments.

In one embodiment, the four batteries 104 a-104 d are connected to thevoltage combination circuitry 106. In particular, both the positive andnegative terminal of each battery are connected to the voltagecombination circuitry 106.

In one embodiment, the voltage combination circuitry 106 receives thevoltages from the batteries 104 a-104 d and generates voltage outputvoltages V1-V3. In one embodiment, each of the output voltages V1-V3corresponds to a series connection of the batteries 104 a-104 d, aparallel connection of the batteries 104 a-104 d, or a combination ofseries and parallel connections of the batteries 104 a-104 d. While theexample of FIG. 2 illustrates three output voltages V1-V3, the voltagecombination circuitry 106 can provide more or fewer output voltages thanthree, according to various embodiments.

In one embodiment, the voltage combination circuitry 106 provides theoutput voltages V1-V3 to the multi-voltage bus 108. In particular, thevoltage combination circuitry 106 provides all three output voltagesV1-V3 to the multi-voltage bus 108 simultaneously.

In one embodiment, circuit breakers 119 are positioned between thevoltage combination circuitry 106 and the multi-voltage bus 108. Thecircuit breakers 119 can break the connection between the voltagecombination circuitry 106 and the multi-voltage bus 108 such that themulti-voltage bus 108 does not receive the output voltages V1-V3 fromthe voltage combination circuitry 106.

In one embodiment, the control circuitry 110 controls the circuitbreakers 119. The control circuitry 110 can selectively cause thecircuit breakers 119 to break the circuit between the voltagecombination circuitry 106 and the multi-voltage bus 108. The controlcircuitry 110 can control the circuit breakers 119 responsive toconditions within the power cell module 102. For example, the controlcircuitry 110 can receive the sensor signals from the sensors 116. Ifthe sensor signals indicate a fault condition within the power cellmodule 119, then the control circuitry 110 can cause the circuitbreakers 119 to break the circuit. Additionally, if the sensor signalsindicate that the voltage of one or more of the batteries 104 a-104 d istoo low to supply power to the multi-voltage bus 108, then the controlcircuitry 110 can cause the circuit breakers 119 to break the circuit.In one embodiment, the circuit breakers 119 include switches that can beoperated by the control circuitry 110 to selectively disconnect orconnect the voltage combination circuitry 106 to the multi-voltage bus108.

In one embodiment, the multi-voltage bus 108 includes voltage lines 121.Each voltage line carries a respective output voltage provided by thevoltage combination circuitry 106. Accordingly, the multi-voltage bus108 simultaneously carries all of the output voltages provided by thevoltage combination circuitry 106. As set forth above, when the powercell module 102 is connected in a bank of power cell modules, themulti-voltage bus 108 and the voltage lines 121 are part of a collectivemulti-voltage bus in which all connected power cell modules provide theoutput voltages V1-V3 to the collective multi-voltage bus. An electronicappliance connected to one of the power cell modules in the bankreceives power from each power cell module that is connected to thecollective multi-voltage bus.

In one embodiment, the user power outputs 114 include, for each outputvoltage V1-V3, one or more output ports that carry the respective outputvoltage and enable an electronic appliance to be connected to receivethat output voltage.

In one embodiment, the voltage conversion circuitry 113 receives one ormore of the output voltages V1-V3 and generates converted voltages fromthe output voltages V1-V3. The converted voltages can include ACvoltages, DC voltages intermediate to the output voltages V1-V3, DCvoltages greater than any of the output voltages V1-V3, and DC voltagesless than any of the output voltages V1-V3. The voltage conversioncircuitry 113 provides these converted voltages to the user poweroutputs 114. The user power outputs 114 include, for each convertedvoltage, one or more output ports to which an electronic appliance canbe connected to receive that voltage.

In one embodiment, the control circuitry 110 is connected to the voltagecombination circuitry 106, circuit breakers 119, the user power outputs114, the voltage conversion circuitry 113, the display 118, and thesensors 116, according to various embodiments. The control circuitry 110can control aspects of the functionality of these components, accordingto various embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the batteries 104 a-104 d and thevoltage combination circuitry 106 of FIGS. 1-2, according to anembodiment. With reference to FIGS. 1-3, and the descriptions of FIGS.1-2 above, FIG. 3 illustrates four batteries 104 a-104 d. Each of thebatteries 104 a-104 d includes a positive and the negative terminal with12 V between the positive and the negative terminal.

In one embodiment, the voltage combination circuitry 106 includes wiredconnections to each of the terminals of the batteries 104 a-104 d. Thevoltage combination circuitry 106 includes diodes D1-D6 connectedbetween various terminals of the batteries 104 a-104 d. The voltagecombination circuitry 106 provides output voltages V1-V3.

In one embodiment, the output voltage V1 is 12 V. The output voltage V1corresponds to each of the batteries 104 a-104 d connected in parallel.Because each battery provides 12 V, the parallel connection of all thebatteries 104 a-104 d provides 12 V. The negative terminal of V1 isconnected to the negative terminal of each of the batteries 104 a-104 d.The positive terminal of V1 is connected to the positive terminal ofeach of the batteries 104 a-104 d.

In one embodiment, the output voltage V2 is 24 V. The output voltage V2corresponds to the series connection of batteries 104 a and 104 bconnected in parallel with the series connection of batteries 104 c, 104d, resulting in a total voltage of 24 V. The positive terminal of V2 isconnected to the positive terminals of the batteries 104 b and 104 d.The negative terminal of V2 is connected to the negative terminals ofthe batteries 104 a and 104 c.

In one embodiment, the output voltage V3 is 48 V. The output voltage V3corresponds to the series connection of all four batteries 104 a-104 d,resulting in a total voltage of 48 V. The positive terminal of V3 isconnected to the positive terminal of the battery 104 d. The negativeterminal of V3 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery 104a.

In one embodiment, the diode D1 is connected between the positiveterminal of the battery 104 a and the negative terminal of the battery104 b. The diode D2 is connected between the positive terminal ofbattery 104 b and the negative terminal a battery 104 c. The diode thethree is connected between the positive terminal of the battery 104 cand the negative terminal of the battery 104 d. The diode D4 isconnected between the positive terminal of the battery 104 a and thepositive terminal of the battery 104 b. The diode D5 is connectedbetween the positive terminal of the battery 104 b and the negativeterminal of the battery 104 c. The diode D6 is connected between thepositive terminal of the battery 104 b and the positive terminal of thebattery 104 d. The connection of the diodes D1-D6 ensure that thevoltage combination circuitry 106 can safely output all three outputvoltages V1-V3 without short-circuits. Those of skill in the art willrecognize, in light of the present disclosure, that other circuitschematics can be implemented to provide the multiple output voltageswhile preventing short-circuits, without departing from the scope of thepresent disclosure.

In one embodiment, the diodes D1-D6 include Schottky diodes. In oneembodiment, the diodes D1-D6 includes 102 a-102cener diodes with a highenough Zener voltage to withstand the highest DC voltages that could beapplied as a reverse bias within the power cell module 102. In oneembodiment, the diodes D1-D6 include p-n diodes.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a wiring harness 128, according to oneembodiment. With reference to FIGS. 1-4 and the descriptions of FIGS.1-3 above, the wiring harness 128 is part of the voltage combinationcircuitry 106. The wiring harness 128 facilitates the connections bywhich the output voltages V1-V3 are generated.

In one embodiment, each of the batteries 104 a-104 d takes part ingenerating each of the output voltages V1-V3. The wiring board includes,for each combination of battery and output voltage, a pair of wiringslots 130 and a pair of screw slots 132. In each pair of wiring slots130, one wiring slot is connected to the positive terminal of thecorresponding battery and the other slot is connected to the negativeterminal of the corresponding battery. The screw holes 132 are eachconfigured to receive a screw. When a wire is placed in the wiring slot130 below a screw hole 132, and a screw is screwed into the screw hole132, the wire is forced into electrical contact with the correspondingbattery terminal.

In one embodiment, wires are placed in each wiring slot 130 and screwsare fastened into each of the corresponding screw holes 132. The wirescan then be connected in the series and parallel connections to generatethe output voltages V1-V3. The wires plugged into the screw holes 130 inthe column V1 are used to generate the output voltage V1. The wiresplugged into the screw holes 130 in the column V2 are used to generatethe output voltage V2. The wires plugged into the screw holes in thecolumn V3 are used to generate the output voltage V3.

FIG. 5 is a side view of a portion of the wiring harness 128 of FIG. 4,according to an embodiment. With reference to FIGS. 1-5 and thedescriptions of FIGS. 1-4 above, a wire 136 is positioned in the wiringslot 130. An exposed end of the wire 136 is in contact with a busbar142. The busbar 142 is electrically connected to one of the terminals ofone of the batteries. A screw 138 is screwed into the screw hole 132.The end of the screw 138 contacts a contact member 140. As the screw 138is screwed further into the screw hole and 32, the end of the screw 138forces the contact member 142 pressed downward on the wire 136. Thedownward pressure on the wire 136 forces the wire 136 into stableelectrical contact with the busbar 142.

In one embodiment, the control circuitry 110 can force the voltagecombination circuitry to generate only one of the output voltages V1-V3.In this case, the control circuitry 110 controls one or more switches144 that decouple the busbars 142 for the deselected output voltagesfrom the terminals of the batteries. The result is that only the busbars142 associated with the selected output voltage will be electricallyconnected to the terminals of the batteries, thereby ensuring that onlythe selected output voltage will be generated by the voltage combinationcircuitry 106.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a power cell module 102, according to anembodiment. With reference to FIGS. 1-6 and the descriptions of FIGS.1-5 above, the power cell module 102 includes a casing 122. The casing122 houses the batteries 104 a-104 d, the voltage combination circuitry106, the control circuitry 110, the sensors 116, the multi-voltage bus108, and other internal components of the power cell module 102.

In one embodiment, the casing 122 is formed of a durable material thatcan withstand the weight of several power cell module stacked on top ofit. The material of the casing is also selected to withstand portableuse of the power cell module 102. The casing 122 can include a hard anddurable plastic, according to an embodiment.

In one embodiment, the inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112 arepositioned on the top surface of the power cell module 102. Though notshown in FIG. 6, inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112 are alsopositioned on a bottom surface of the power cell module 102.

In one embodiment, when a power cell module is stacked on top of thepower cell module 102, the inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112on the top surface of the power cell module 102 connect withinter-module multi-voltage bus connectors on a bottom surface of theother power cell module. The inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors112 ensure a secure electrical connection of the voltage lines of theoutput voltages of the multi-voltage bus 108 of each of the power cellmodules, forming a collective multi-voltage bus from all of the powercell modules in a stack. Additionally, though not shown, inter-modulemulti-voltage bus connectors 112 can also be positioned on lateralsurfaces of the power cell module 102 to facilitate stacking orconnecting power cell modules laterally as well as vertically.

In one embodiment, the inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112 caninclude Anderson connectors. Additionally, or alternatively, theinter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112 can include other types ofelectrical connectors. Each inter-module multi-voltage bus connector 112can include a positive and a negative terminal for the correspondingoutput voltage. In one embodiment, the inter-module multi-voltage busconnectors 112 can also include fasteners that securely fasten powercell module 102 to the power cell module that is placed on top of thepower cell module 102, or on top of which the power cell module 102 isplaced, as the case may be.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 also includes fasteners 124on the top and bottom surfaces of the power cell module 102. Thefasteners 124 can assist in fastening the power cell module 102 to apower cell module placed on top of the power cell module 102 thefasteners 124 can assist in fastening the power cell module to a powercell module placed on the bottom of the power cell module 102.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 also includes user poweroutputs 114 on a front face of the power cell module 102. User poweroutputs 114 can also be positioned on other faces of the power cellmodule 102. Users can connect electronic appliances to the user poweroutputs 114 in order to power electronic appliances with the power cellmodule 102, or with a stack of power cell modules.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 can also include user inputdevices, not shown in FIG. 6. The user input devices can enable the userto input commands or otherwise control features of the power cell module102. The user input devices can include buttons, switches, sliders,knobs, keypads, touchscreens, or other devices by which users can inputcommands or control features of the power cell module 102. In oneembodiment, the user input devices include a power button that enablesthe user to turn the power cell module 102 on or off.

In one embodiment, the power cell module can also include data ports,not shown in FIG. 6. The data ports can include connectors for readingdata from or writing data to a memory within the power cell module 102.

In one embodiment, the power cell module 102 includes a display 118. Thedisplay 118 can display text, images, or animations. The user can reador view the text, images, or animations displayed by the display 118.

Those of skill in the art will recognize, in light of the presentdisclosure, that the power cell module in accordance with principles ofthe present disclosure can have other shapes and configurations thanthat which is shown in FIG. 6, without departing from the scope of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a energy storage and supply system 100 including abank of power cell modules 102 a-102 c, according to one embodiment.With reference to FIGS. 1-7 and the descriptions of FIGS. 1-6 above,FIG. 7 illustrates three power cell modules 102 a-102 c. However, moreor fewer power cell modules can be connected in a bank of power cellmodules in accordance with principles of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, each power cell module the bank of power cell modulesis connected in such a manner that a collective multi-voltage bus 108 isformed. The collective multi-voltage bus 108 includes a voltage line foreach output voltage V1-V3. The collective multi-voltage bus 108simultaneously carries each of the output voltages V1-V3.

In one embodiment, when an electronic appliance is connected to one ofthe user power outputs 114 of one of the power cell modules 102 a-102 c,power is provided to the electronic appliance from each of the powercell modules 102 a-102 c. The voltage lines of the multi-voltage bus 108are shown as dashed lines internal to the casings 122 a-122 c of thepower cell modules 102 a-102 c. While each output voltage is shown ashaving a single line, in practice, each output voltage has both apositive and a negative line defining the output voltage.

In one embodiment, each power cell in the system 100 is substantiallyidentical, having the same user power outputs 114, the same display 118,and possibly other identical features such as user inputs and dataports. In this case, power can be supplied by plugging an electronicappliance into the user power outputs 114 of any of the connected powercell modules 102 a-102 c. Alternatively, one of the power cell modulescan act as a master to the other power cell modules in the stack. Inthis case, the electronic appliances are connected to the user poweroutputs 114 of the master power cell module. The master power cellmodule can be the top power cell module, as one example, or the bottompower cell module, as another example.

In one embodiment, the power cell modules 102 a-102 c are not identicalto each other. Instead, some power cell modules may have more or fewerfeatures, different arrangements of components, different numbers ofcomponents, different sizes, different power storage and supplycapacities, or other types of differences. In this case, theinter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112 still ensure that eachpower cell module 102 a-102 c joins the multi-voltage bus 108. In oneembodiment, one of the multi-voltage power cells is a controlling ormaster multi-voltage power cell having additional features compared tothe other power cell modules in the stack. Some power cell modules inthe stack may be relatively featureless in that they do not have userpower outputs 114 and are only used to connected into the stack toprovide additional energy capacity to the system 100. Thus, the stackmay include one or master or controlling power cell modules, and one ormore simple or slave power cell modules that serve only to provideadditional capacity the system 100, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an illustration of an energy storage and supply system 100including a bank of power cell modules 102 a-102 d, according to oneembodiment. With reference to FIGS. 1-8 and the descriptions of FIGS.1-7 above, the power cell modules 102 a-102 d provide power to anelectronic appliance 150.

In one embodiment, the bank of power cell modules 102 a-102 d providespower to multiple electronic appliances 150. For example, the bank ofpower cell modules can be configured to provide electricity to an entirehome when the municipal power grid fails. In this case, the electronicappliances 150 can include lights, washing machines, dishwashers,computers, televisions, set-top boxes, DVD players, clothes dryers,ovens, toasters, garage door openers, videogame consoles, microwaveovens, or anything else in a home that typically receives power from themunicipal power grid. The larger the number of power cell modules in thebank, the larger the capacity of the system 100 is to provideelectricity to the home. More power cell modules means that a givenappliance can be powered for a longer time, or that more electronicappliances can be powered for a particular amount of time.

In one embodiment, the bank of power cell modules 102 a-102 d is locatedat a business and is configured to provide electricity to electronicappliances at the business location.

In one embodiment, the bank of power cell modules is portable systemthat be taken to various locations to provide electricity to electronicappliances 150. For example, the bank of power cell modules 102 a-102 dcan be taken camping, can be taken outdoors to power outdoor yardequipment or power tools, or can be taken to outdoor gatherings such asbarbecues or parties to power electronic equipment.

In one embodiment, the energy storage and supply system 100 includes oneor more alternate power sources 152. The one or more alternate powersources 152 can be coupled to the bank of power cell modules to providepower to the power cell modules or to be joined with the power cellmodules in providing power to one or more electronic appliances.

In one embodiment, the power cell modules may include a charging bus.When the alternate power source 152 is connected to a chargingconnection of one of the power cell modules 102 a-102 d, the alternatepower source 152 is connected to a charging bus that enables thealternate power source 152 to charge the batteries within each of thepower cell modules 102 a-102 d.

In one embodiment, the alternate power source 152 can provide power tothe multi-voltage bus 108. In this way, the alternate power source 152supplements the power provided by the power cell modules 102 a-102 d inpowering the electronic appliances 150. Additionally, or alternatively,the alternate power source 102 can power the electronic appliances 150in parallel to the power cell modules 102.

In one embodiment, when the alternate power source 152 is connected intoone of the power cell modules 102 a-102 d, the power cell moduleconverts the voltage provided by the action power source 150 to theoutput voltages carried by the multi-voltage bus 108. These outputvoltages generated from the alternate power source 152 are connected tothe corresponding lines of the multi-voltage bus 108 so that thealternate power source 152 can supplement the power provided toelectronic appliances 150. Accordingly, the power cell modules 102 a-102d can include dedicated ports for receiving energy from alternate powersources 152 to either charge one or more of the power cell modules or tojoin in the multi-voltage bus 108.

In one embodiment, the alternate power source 152 includes a generator.The generator can be a conventional combustion generator that generateselectricity by combusting a fossil fuel in order to provide backup powerto a location when the municipal power grid fails, or for othersituations. The generator can be used to charge the power cell modules102 a-102 d, or to supplement the power provided by the power cellmodules 102 a-102 d. Utilization of a combustion fuel-based system forsome portion of power output or energy storage effectively creates a“hybrid” system. Power may flow in a serialized manner or in parallel tothe modules in their operation, depending on the system, the applicationand the component modules.

In one embodiment, the alternate power source 152 includes one or moreof solar panels, wind turbines, hydropower generators, flywheels,batteries, or super capacitors. All of these power sources can be usedto charge the power cell modules or to supplement the energy provided bythe modular powers.

In one embodiment, the alternate power source 152 is the municipal grid.When the municipal grid is functioning properly and the bank of powercells are connected to municipal grid, the municipal power gridrecharges the batteries within the power cell modules 102 a-102 d.

In one embodiment, the system can be plugged into a standard wall outletof a house when the municipal power grid is interrupted and is notsupplying power. A power cord can be plugged into the wall outlet fromone of the power cell modules. The power cell module converts one of theDC output voltages from the multi-voltage bus into an AC voltage havingthe correct frequency and amplitude for the wall outlet. The AC voltageis then supplied to the wall outlet. All of the wall outlets that are onthe same circuit can now be powered by the AC voltage supplied from thepower cell module or bank of power cell modules. Before doing this, theuser will need to access the circuit box and trip the circuit breaker tothat circuit so that if the municipal power grid comes back online therewill not be a short circuit. The power cell module can includeprotective circuitry to protect the power cell module in the event of ashort circuit. The power can be supplied via a bank of power cellmodules.

FIG. 9 is an illustration of an energy storage and supply system 100,according to an embodiment. With reference to FIGS. 1-10 and thedescriptions of FIGS. 1-8 above, the system 100 includes a plurality ofpower cell modules 102 a-102 g. The power cell modules 102 a-102 g. areconnected in the bank such that they collectively provide power to oneor more electronic appliances 150 as described previously.

In one embodiment, power cell modules can be removed from a bank ofpower cells without interrupting the power provided by the bank of powercells to the electronic appliances 150. This is due in part to themulti-voltage bus that receives power from all of the power cell modulesconnected in a bank of power cell modules. Removing one or more powercell modules from the bank of power cell modules does not interrupt thevoltage provided by the multi-voltage bus. Thus, the power provided tothe electronic appliances 150 is not interrupted when one or more of thepower cell modules are removed from the bank of power cell modules.Furthermore, the inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors 112 areconfigured such that the user can easily detach one or more of the powercell modules without the risk of receiving an electrical shock. Thepower cell modules may include decoupling switches or latches that thecouple the power cell modules from the collective multi-voltage bus whenthe user operates the state decoupling switches or latches. The user maythen freely remove the desired power cell modules from the bank of powercell modules.

In one embodiment, the electronic appliances 150 were being powered bythe power cell modules 102 a-102 j. when a user 153 detached the powercell modules 102 f and 102 g from the bank of power cell modules. Theuser 153 connects an electronic yardwork tool 154 to the power cellmodules 102 g. The power cell modules 102 f and 102 g collectively powerthe electronic yardwork tool 154. The power cell modules 102 f and 102 gcan be conveniently placed in a backpack worn by the user 153. The powersupplied to the electronic appliances 150 is not interrupted when theuser removes the power cell modules 102 g and 102 g.

In one embodiment, because the module or system can be made up of one ormore modules the system 100 is an advantageous design; holistically,situationally, economically, sustainably, and with a more utilitarianapproach than any typical systems. The system 100 has the advantage ofscaling up or down depending on the specific application.

In one embodiment, the system 100 provides a plurality of energy andpower cell modules comprised of a transformative power coupling bus, ormulti-voltage bus, wherein the addition of any module into the systemfundamentally changes the nature and functionality of the system as awhole as well as the modular components that make up the system. Whileeach independent module serves its own function or functions withfeatures that may be specific or shared across groups and families ofsimilar or dissimilar modules, when combined with one or more modules anew system is created that provides greater features and function thaneach of the modules would have independently.

In one example, consumers can purchase batteries, but they will not bethe versatile and scalable system provided in accordance with thepresent disclosure. The hurdle of being a battery expert limits thegeneral population from accessing power remotely or limits them to justgenerators. The modular system described in accordance with principlesof the present disclosure does not need to be identified at the initialpurchase. Consumers can mix and match and purchase power cell systemsand modules over several purchases, making a system ideal for eachunique application or deployment.

In one embodiment, the system 100 utilizes energy storage and generationtechnologies coupled with power output devices and systems including butnot limited to the following: batteries including various chemistriesand configurations, capacitors, solar panels, thermal heat capturedevices, wind and/or water turbines and wheels, direct DC input frommotors or combustion engines linked to DC generating alternators;integrated circuits, transistors, and transformers, that may convert thestored or generated energy into DC or AC power at various voltages andfrequencies; electronics intended to drive magnetic audio devices, suchas speakers, monitors, tweeters; thermocoupling devices to generate orreduce heat; photon-emitting electromechanical and direct electricalphoton emitting devices such as LEDs and the drivers to power similardevices. In one embodiment, the act of connecting the power cell modulescreates a power system wherein the system's sum is greater than theindividual modules. In one embodiment, the system 100 designed to beuser friendly so anyone can take advantage of it. The components easilysnap together. There is no need for specific knowledge in electricity.Unlike other electrical systems, the system 100 can be easily used byanyone. This is done by simplifying the user interface to something aseasy as using a power outlet in your home. Inverters, chargers,controllers, and everything are internal to the system.

In one embodiment, the modules and the system are capable of supportingnon-stackable components, either made by a same manufacturer or bydisparate manufacturers and provides clear industry standard connectionsto assist. This is done by using industry standard plugs and connectors.In one embodiment, there are no proprietary connectors on the system.

In one embodiment, the system eliminates the need for the end user tounderstand power systems, proper wiring; parallel or series connection,pairing correct voltages, balancing uneven potential energies acrossstorage and generation components and systems. The system also protectsthe user from accidents that may result in a failed attempt to wireother power and energy devices.

In one embodiment, the system uses many available components. It is theuse and arrangement of these components that has not be done in thismanner and not been done to create a battery module with multiplevoltages let alone a system of various modules that are now enabledbecause of the invention, and can be done so without the use ofswitching ICs, or other power conversion components that only add cost,and energy loss. A traditional battery will have a set amount of energywith a set voltage output, it may be comprised of multiple cellsarranged together but the output and interaction remain the same. Thissystem allows for simple methods for multiple energy levels and voltagesdepending on the specific application. This system solves many differentportable power problems within one system. Different voltages and energylevels can easily be selected. This is done by a unique wiringconnection system inside the casing of the power cell module. Thebattery case has 4 or more separate batteries inside it. If a highervoltage is needed, select batteries are wired in series. If a lowervoltage is needed the wiring configuration would be wired in parallel.In one embodiment, the selection of voltage is safely decided on theoutside of the case with a manual selector switch that will change thewiring architecture inside the case.

In one embodiment, the system provides information to the user about thestate of the modules and the system. Independent modules may alsodisplay relevant information regarding the state or condition of themodule. In some embodiments, the information systems may be capable ofsupporting some of the following while not being limited to wired(canbus, SCADA), wi-fi, radio, mobile (cellular, ZigBee, Bluetooth). Theeasiest option would be to plug a cellular air card to the batterythrough the USB port. This would allow the system to be uploaded to anycloud database or Internet of Things database. The system would becapable of incorporating these communication protocols to make forintegrated TOT power devices and remote monitoring.

In one embodiment, modules with more energy may be safely added duringoperation or in a powered off setting. Modules may be safely removedduring operation or in a powered off setting. No wires are touched. Nosafety equipment is required to add or remove modules. It is as simpleas unlatching the module and lifting the top from the bottom. Thevoltages and the connections used mean this can be done safely and percode even when powered up.

In one embodiment, modules from a small system powering a light,speaker, television, recharging a mobile phone can be used together toprovide the energy to power larger appliances, and in turn can be usedwith larger modules intended to power multiple large appliances can beused together with similar or smaller units.

In one embodiment, power cell modules can be used independently toprovide direct DC power to handheld or fixed power requirements/devices.These modules can in some instances be mounted to backpack or similarpersonal harness to allow the user to power DC devices while maintainingthe use of their hands. Such a harness or backpack could also support anenergy or battery module that is also connected to another powergeneration or output device. Such a power output device which is notlimited to, but may provide AC power if connected to an energy orbattery module, would be capable of powering a multitude of householdappliances. This apparatus would thereby make these household appliancesoperate beyond their standard constraints of the length of a cord, andtherefore transforming the nature of these appliances from grid tetheredto mobile. A power module, and perhaps, a control/head unit would beattached to a backpack assembly. This will free up both hands but allowthe battery power to be there for immediate access. No need for anycords.

In one embodiment, some modules may be DC power modules and others maybe AC power modules.

In one embodiment, a power cell module, and thereby the system it may beconnected to, with either event driven or remotely “triggered” operationis described: The event might be a temperature threshold, for example ifthe module detects that the temperature it is monitoring has changedsuch that it triggers the module to begin an action or series ofactions. Unlike a typical combustion fueled generator the system may usevery little to no energy “waiting” for an event to occur at which pointenergy can flow to the module as it is needed, not wasting energy. Thesystem could also utilize a remote start function to trigger agenerator, for many purposes. Remote start switches are readilyavailable in the market. Installing one of these with our batterysystems will allow us to install our systems in remote applications withintermittent power draw. The switch would allow power to be dischargedonly exactly when it is called upon.

In one embodiment, a power output module is capable of delivering thepower from different modules composed of different chemistries, fuelsources, and in series with power capture technologies. A system thatcan utilize two or more different types of chemistries would be a systemthat is called ‘chemistry agnostic’ to those with industry knowledge, apower module may or may not have the ability to utilize energy modulesof one or more different type of chemistry, but also fuel composition,and not only stored “potential” energy resources but real-time capturedor captured stored and then transmitted energy.

In one embodiment, the modules may provide multiple voltages in variouscurrents and frequencies. Traditionally multiple voltages can beaccomplished utilizing integrated circuits to switch voltage or otherelectromechanical or electrochemical components to transform voltage,similarly with the current and if required, frequency. The modulesutilize an advanced connection scheme called the multi-voltage bus. Inone embodiment, the multi-voltage bus is present on all modules andprovides the primary means for modules to electrically connect to eachother and is one of several mechanisms that physically guide the user tocorrectly orient the module to another for the desired output voltage.

In one embodiment, there are many ways to achieve multiple voltages, onemethod is detailed in a wiring schematic showing 4 traditional batteriesarranged in 3 configurations with 3 different voltages available on themulti-voltage bus. By arranging the traditional batteries in thisconfiguration, other modules connected to the battery may provide onlyone operating voltage, but the energy is thus transformed throughout theentirety of the system.

In one embodiment, a power cell module may utilize one or all of themulti-voltage bus lines available depending on the purpose of themodule. Regardless of the module utilizing one or all of themulti-voltage bus lines subsequent modules can interconnect andelectrical flow between modules is maintained. In one embodiment, afirst power cell module is capable of utilizing all multi-voltage lines.Second, third, and fourth power cell modules are energy storage moduleseach with different total capacity providing access to energy on eachline of the multi-voltage bus without the need for (although it mayutilize) transformers, switching circuits or similar components.

In one embodiment, a power capture module can be added anywhere to thesystem. The power capture module can be a “solar” capture device, whosepanels produce a voltage that fits multi-voltage bus line 3. While thepower capture module may be capable of providing various voltages,utilizing such switching electronics described above, and it may or maynot need these to deliver at least one voltage compatible with themulti-voltage bus, it is more common, simple, and cost effective for thesolar system to provide one voltage out, in this example line 3 on themulti-voltage bus line. Because there are power cell modules capable ofaccepting the multi-voltage bus line the power generated from the powercapture module transformed through the system to provide power on allthe multi-voltage bus lines, the electrons that went out onmulti-voltage bus line 3 are now capable of flowing through all lineswithout requiring the common transforming technologies.

In one embodiment, the multi-voltage bus may employ several means bywhich to detect or become ‘aware’ of operational parameters of thevarious multi-voltage bus lines, allowing a module with a smartmulti-voltage bus to drop in or out. The smart multi-voltage bus makesit so the electron flow may continue uninterrupted between modules evenif the module with a smart multi-voltage bus determines it should dropout of one or all of the possible multi-voltage bus lines. There may ormay not be the availability of an override trigger either physical orelectrically controlled allowing a user to momentarily reset the Smartmulti-voltage bus.

In one embodiment, electrical protection between modules and across thesystem for components, the user and the environmental safety can beimportant. Safety components such as fuses, breakers, shunts and diodesmay be used to buffer and protect the module and its components fromunplanned events internal or external.

There may be additional function achieved when multiple modules arecapable of sharing one or more of the multi-voltage bus lines inparallel and one or more multi-voltage bus lines in series. In oneembodiment, the multi-voltage bus line system may support multiplexingone or more lines in a series connection, adding the voltage betweenmodules. This serial multiplexing adjusts the physical connectionbetween modules operating on the multi-voltage bus. The physical shiftcan occur in multiple ways, exclusively within the electro-mechanics,outside of the multi-voltage bus mechanics or a combination of the two.This serial connection can be achieved utilizing contactors, IGBTs, andrelays as one embodiment.

In one embodiment, the need for portable power can occur in unplannednon-ideal events, many of which may take place during or involvingautomotive or similar vehicular transportation. Power cell modules maybe capable of capturing power from a vehicle's alternator or other cabinpower system. The module may direct wire or use standard connectionssuch as the “cigarette” plug to capture power. Depending on the wiringconfiguration this may occur when the alternator or cabin power isrunning, or it may be on constantly. Such a module or system if properlycharged or maintained by the vehicle's cabin power can provide energyback to the vehicle if the vehicle's starter battery is not capable ofproviding the necessary power. A module or system is thereby alsoavailable to provide its other power and energy functions in anemergency or non-emergency event.

In one embodiment, a power cell module or series of power cell modulesin a system, that may or may not be utilizing a multiplexing serialmulti-voltage bus, may have enough energy to power a traction motor orintegrated circuits and systems capable to drive a motor. The module ormodules would also be capable of capturing energy through regenerativebraking or other kinetic energy harvesting methods.

In one embodiment, each module is enclosed in an external shell toprotect the components from common or if specifically listed harshenvironments. These enclosures may differ from one another in appearanceand function if so required of the enclosure. The differing functionsinclude but are not limited to some of the following: easy opening toremove, expand, access parts or components that may be inside or mayadjust. The enclosure may contain additional smaller modules that may ormay not act independently from the module itself and from the system butwhen recombined in various, purposely designed methods and connectionsresult in new or similar features and functions.

In one embodiment, while the appearance of a power cell module may ormay not differ between similar or dissimilar modules there are severalfeatures that may or may not be present in all or some modules theseinclude but are not limited to; devices to securely and physically latchor connect one module to another/depending on the module there may notbe a means to latch or secure other than the tension connection madewith the multi-voltage bus, a device or method to protect or to limitphysical damage to the module, system or specific components or parts ofthe module or system, devices and methods to assist an individual inaligning modules for simple and easy connection, a device to carry/wheelor otherwise move a single or multiple modules, a means and method toadd a further shell/housing/protective covering that may have a specificintended purpose beyond the protections of the enclosure this purposemay be for physical, aesthetic, transportational, electrical or anotherfunction not described.

In one embodiment, while combustion fuels may have limited appeal inwhat is generally envisioned and described often as a ‘battery’ basedsystem, combustion fuels can be used in such a stackable system. Themotor or other means of converting the fuel source into electricalenergy may be triggered in some fashion, remotely, event-driven or byother means of interaction. The energy storage and supply system mayhave the ability to stop or restart the process. Utilization of acombustion fuel-based system for some portion of power output or energystorage effectively creates a “hybrid” system. Power may flow in aserialized manner or in parallel to the modules in their operation,depending on the system, the application and the component modules.

FIG. 10A is a block diagram of internal circuitry of a power cell module102, in accordance with one embodiment. In particular, FIG. 10Aillustrates a portion of the voltage combination circuitry 106 inaccordance with one embodiment. The voltage combination circuitry 106includes a plurality of relays 160 a 1-d 1. Each relay 160 a 1-d 1includes a positive and a negative terminal coupled to the positive andnegative terminal of a respective battery 104 a-d. The relays 160 a 1-d1 are configured to receive the battery voltages and output the outputvoltage v1. The relays 160 a 1-d 1 are coupled to and controlled by acontrol circuitry 110 to selectively provide or not provide the outputvoltage v1. In the example of FIG. 10A, the batteries 104 a-d are 12 Vbatteries and the output voltage V1 is 12 V. While FIG. 10A shows foursets of output terminals each outputting the output voltage V1, inpractice the output voltage V1 can be output from a single set of apositive and negative terminals.

FIG. 10B is a block diagram of internal circuitry of a power cell module102, in accordance with one embodiment. In particular, FIG. 10Billustrates a portion of the voltage combination circuitry 106, inaccordance with one embodiment. The voltage combination circuitry 106includes a plurality of relays 160 a 2-d 2. Each relay 160 a 2-d 2includes a positive and a negative terminal coupled to the positive andnegative terminal of a respective battery 104 a-d. The relays 160 a 2-d2 are configured to receive the battery voltages and to output theoutput voltage V2. The relays 160 a 2-d 2 are coupled to and controlledby a control circuitry 110 to selectively provide or not provide theoutput voltage V2. In the example of FIG. 10B, the batteries 104 a-d are12 V batteries and the output voltage V2 is 24 V. While FIG. 10B showstwo sets of output terminals each outputting the output voltage V2, inpractice the output voltage V2 can be output from a single set of apositive and negative terminals.

FIG. 10C is a block diagram of internal circuitry of a power cell module102, in accordance with one embodiment. In particular, FIG. 10Cillustrates a portion of the voltage combination circuitry 106, inaccordance with one embodiment. The voltage combination circuitry 106includes a plurality of relays 160 a 3-d 3. Each relay 160 a 3-d 3includes a positive and a negative terminal coupled to the positive andnegative terminal of a respective battery 104 a-d. The relays 160 a 3-d3 are configured to receive the battery voltages and to output theoutput voltage V2. The relays 160 a 3-d 3 are coupled to and controlledby a control circuitry 110 to selectively provide or not provide theoutput voltage V3. In the example of FIG. 10B, the batteries 104 a-d are12 V batteries and the output voltage V3 is 48 V. While FIG. 10B showstwo sets of output terminals each outputting the output voltage V3, inpractice the output voltage V3 can be output from a single set of apositive and negative terminals.

In one embodiment, the voltage combination circuitry 106 includes therelays 160 a 1-d 1, the relays 160 a 2-d 2, and the relays 160 a 3-d 3all coupled to the batteries 104 a-d. The 160 a 1-d 1, the relays 160 a2-d 2, and the relays 160 a 3-d 3 can simultaneously provide the outputvoltages V1, V2, and V3 to the multi-voltage bus 108. Additionally, thecontrol circuitry 110 can control the relays to selectively provide any,all, or none of the voltages V1, V2, and V3.

FIG. 11 illustrates a flow diagram of a process 1100, according tovarious embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 11 and the description of FIGS. 1-10 above, in oneembodiment, process 1100 begins at BEGIN 1102 and process flow proceedsto ELECTRICALLY CONNECT MULTIPLE POWER CELL MODULES TOGETHER IN A BANKOF POWER CELL MODULES 1104.

In one embodiment, at ELECTRICALLY CONNECT MULTIPLE POWER CELL MODULESTOGETHER IN A BANK OF POWER CELL MODULES 1104, multiple power cellmodules are electrically connected together in a bank of power cells,using any of the methods, processes, and procedures discussed above withrespect to FIGS. 1-10.

In one embodiment, once multiple power cell modules are electricallyconnected together in a bank of power cell modules at ELECTRICALLYCONNECT MULTIPLE POWER CELL MODULES TOGETHER IN A BANK OF POWER CELLMODULES 1104, process flow proceeds to FORM, BETWEEN THE POWER CELLMODULES, A COLLECTIVE MULTI-VOLTAGE BUS CARRIED BY EACH OF THE POWERCELL MODULES 1106.

In one embodiment, at FORM, BETWEEN THE POWER CELL MODULES, A COLLECTIVEMULTI-VOLTAGE BUS CARRIED BY EACH OF THE POWER CELL MODULES 1106, acollective multi-voltage bus is formed, between the power cell modules,carried by each of the power cell modules, using any of the methods,processes, and procedures discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1-10.

In one embodiment, once a collective multi-voltage bus is formed,between the power cell modules, carried by each of the power cellmodules at FORM, BETWEEN THE POWER CELL MODULES, A COLLECTIVEMULTI-VOLTAGE BUS CARRIED BY EACH OF THE POWER CELL MODULES 1106,process flow proceeds to RECEIVE, IN A USER POWER OUTPUT PORT OF A FIRSTPOWER CELL MODULE OF THE BANK OF POWER CELL MODULES, AN ELECTRICALCONNECTOR FROM AN ELECTRONIC APPLIANCE 1108.

In one embodiment, at RECEIVE, IN A USER POWER OUTPUT PORT OF A FIRSTPOWER CELL MODULE OF THE BANK OF POWER CELL MODULES, AN ELECTRICALCONNECTOR FROM AN ELECTRONIC APPLIANCE 1108, an electrical connectorfrom an electronic appliance is received, in a user power output port ofa first power cell module of the bank of power cell modules, using anyof the methods, processes, and procedures discussed above with respectto FIGS. 1-10.

In one embodiment, once an electrical connector from an electronicappliance is received, in a user power output port of a first power cellmodule of the bank of power cell modules at RECEIVE, IN A USER POWEROUTPUT PORT OF A FIRST POWER CELL MODULE OF THE BANK OF POWER CELLMODULES, AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR FROM AN ELECTRONIC APPLIANCE 1108,process flow proceeds to PROVIDE, VIA THE USER POWER OUTPUT PORT, POWERTO THE ELECTRONIC APPLIANCE COLLECTIVELY FROM EACH OF THE POWER CELLMODULES IN THE BANK VIA THE COLLECTIVE MULTI-VOLTAGE BUS 1110.

In one embodiment, at PROVIDE, VIA THE USER POWER OUTPUT PORT, POWER TOTHE ELECTRONIC APPLIANCE COLLECTIVELY FROM EACH OF THE POWER CELLMODULES IN THE BANK VIA THE COLLECTIVE MULTI-VOLTAGE BUS 1110, power tothe electronic appliance is provided, via the user power output port,collectively from each of the power cell modules in the bank via thecollective multi-voltage bus, using any of the methods, processes, andprocedures discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1-10.

In one embodiment, once power to the electronic appliance is provided,via the user power output port, collectively from each of the power cellmodules in the bank via the collective multi-voltage bus at PROVIDE, VIATHE USER POWER OUTPUT PORT, POWER TO THE ELECTRONIC APPLIANCECOLLECTIVELY FROM EACH OF THE POWER CELL MODULES IN THE BANK VIA THECOLLECTIVE MULTI-VOLTAGE BUS 1110, process flow proceeds to END 1012.

In one embodiment, at END 1112 the process is exited to await new dataand/or instructions.

As noted above, the specific illustrative examples discussed above arebut illustrative examples of implementations of embodiments of theenergy storage and supply system. Those of skill in the art will readilyrecognize that other implementations and embodiments are possible.Therefore, the discussion above should not be construed as a limitationon the claims provided below.

In one embodiment, a power cell module includes a casing, multiplebatteries disposed within the casing. And voltage combination circuitrydisposed within the casing and including multiple voltage outputs eachcorresponding to a respective serial connection of the multiplebatteries, a parallel connection of the multiple batteries, or acombination of serial or parallel connections of the multiple batteries.The power cell module includes a multi-voltage bus receiving themultiple voltage outputs from the voltage combination circuitry andincluding a line for each voltage output. The power cell module includesmulti-voltage bus connectors configured to attach the casing to a secondpower cell module and to electrically connect each line of themulti-voltage bus to a corresponding line of a multi-voltage bus of thesecond battery pack.

In one embodiment, a power cell module system includes a first powercell module. The first power cell module includes multiple firstbatteries, a first multi-voltage bus simultaneously carrying multiplevoltages each on a respective line of the first multi-voltage bus, andfirst inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors. The power cell modulesystem includes a second power cell module including multiple secondbatteries and a second multi-voltage bus simultaneously carryingmultiple output voltages each on a respective line of the secondmulti-voltage bus. The power cell module system includes secondinter-module multi-voltage bus connectors configured to attach to thefirst inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors of the first power cellmodule by stacking the second power cell module on the first power cellmodule, thereby forming a collective multi-voltage bus from the firstand second multi-voltage busses in which each line of the firstmulti-voltage bus is in electrical contact with a corresponding line ofthe second multi-voltage bus. In one embodiment, a method includeselectrically connecting multiple power cell modules together in a bankof power cells, forming, between the modules, a collective multi-voltagebus carried by each of the power cell modules, and receiving, in a userpower output port of a first power cell module of the bank of power cellmodules, an electrical connector from an electronic appliance. Themethod includes providing, via the user power output port, power to theelectronic appliance collectively from each of the power cell modules inthe bank via the collective multi-voltage bus.

In the discussion above, certain aspects of one embodiment includeprocess steps and/or operations and/or instructions described herein forillustrative purposes in a particular order and/or grouping. However,the particular order and/or grouping shown and discussed herein areillustrative only and not limiting. Those of skill in the art willrecognize that other orders and/or grouping of the process steps and/oroperations and/or instructions are possible and, in some embodiments,one or more of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructionsdiscussed above can be combined and/or deleted. In addition, portions ofone or more of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructionscan be re-grouped as portions of one or more other of the process stepsand/or operations and/or instructions discussed herein. Consequently,the particular order and/or grouping of the process steps and/oroperations and/or instructions discussed herein do not limit the scopeof the invention as claimed below.

As discussed in more detail above, using the above embodiments, withlittle or no modification and/or input, there is considerableflexibility, adaptability, and opportunity for customization to meet thespecific needs of various parties under numerous circumstances.

In the discussion above, certain aspects of one embodiment includeprocess steps and/or operations and/or instructions described herein forillustrative purposes in a particular order and/or grouping. However,the particular order and/or grouping shown and discussed herein areillustrative only and not limiting. Those of skill in the art willrecognize that other orders and/or grouping of the process steps and/oroperations and/or instructions are possible and, in some embodiments,one or more of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructionsdiscussed above can be combined and/or deleted. In addition, portions ofone or more of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructionscan be re-grouped as portions of one or more other of the process stepsand/or operations and/or instructions discussed herein. Consequently,the particular order and/or grouping of the process steps and/oroperations and/or instructions discussed herein do not limit the scopeof the invention as claimed below.

The present invention has been described in particular detail withrespect to specific possible embodiments. Those of skill in the art willappreciate that the invention may be practiced in other embodiments. Forexample, the nomenclature used for components, capitalization ofcomponent designations and terms, the attributes, data structures, orany other programming or structural aspect is not significant,mandatory, or limiting, and the mechanisms that implement the inventionor its features can have various different names, formats, or protocols.Further, the system or functionality of the invention may be implementedvia various combinations of software and hardware, as described, orentirely in hardware elements. Also, particular divisions offunctionality between the various components described herein are merelyexemplary, and not mandatory or significant. Consequently, functionsperformed by a single component may, in other embodiments, be performedby multiple components, and functions performed by multiple componentsmay, in other embodiments, be performed by a single component.

Some portions of the above description present the features of thepresent invention in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations ofoperations, or algorithm-like representations, of operations oninformation/data. These algorithmic or algorithm-like descriptions andrepresentations are the means used by those of skill in the art to mosteffectively and efficiently convey the substance of their work to othersof skill in the art. These operations, while described functionally orlogically, are understood to be implemented by computer programs orcomputing systems. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient at timesto refer to these arrangements of operations as steps or modules or byfunctional names, without loss of generality.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, as would be apparent from theabove discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the abovedescription, discussions utilizing terms such as, but not limited to,“activating”, “accessing”, “adding”, “aggregating”, “alerting”,“applying”, “analyzing”, “associating”, “calculating”, “capturing”,“categorizing”, “classifying”, “comparing”, “creating”, “defining”,“detecting”, “determining”, “distributing”, “eliminating”, “encrypting”,“extracting”, “filtering”, “forwarding”, “generating”, “identifying”,“implementing”, “informing”, “monitoring”, “obtaining”, “posting”,“processing”, “providing”, “receiving”, “requesting”, “saving”,“sending”, “storing”, “substituting”, “transferring”, “transforming”,“transmitting”, “using”, etc., refer to the action and process of acomputing system or similar electronic device that manipulates andoperates on data represented as physical (electronic) quantities withinthe computing system memories, resisters, caches or other informationstorage, transmission or display devices.

The present invention also relates to an apparatus or system forperforming the operations described herein. This apparatus or system maybe specifically constructed for the required purposes, or the apparatusor system can comprise a general-purpose system selectively activated orconfigured/reconfigured by a computer program stored on a computerprogram product as discussed herein that can be accessed by a computingsystem or other device.

Those of skill in the art will readily recognize that the algorithms andoperations presented herein are not inherently related to any particularcomputing system, computer architecture, computer or industry standard,or any other specific apparatus. Various general-purpose systems mayalso be used with programs in accordance with the teaching herein, or itmay prove more convenient/efficient to construct more specializedapparatuses to perform the required operations described herein. Therequired structure for a variety of these systems will be apparent tothose of skill in the art, along with equivalent variations. Inaddition, the present invention is not described with reference to anyparticular programming language and it is appreciated that a variety ofprogramming languages may be used to implement the teachings of thepresent invention as described herein, and any references to a specificlanguage or languages are provided for illustrative purposes only andfor enablement of the contemplated best mode of the invention at thetime of filing.

It should also be noted that the language used in the specification hasbeen principally selected for readability, clarity and instructionalpurposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribethe inventive subject matter. Accordingly, the disclosure of the presentinvention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scopeof the invention, which is set forth in the claims below.

In addition, the operations shown in the FIG.s, or as discussed herein,are identified using a particular nomenclature for ease of descriptionand understanding, but other nomenclature is often used in the art toidentify equivalent operations.

Therefore, numerous variations, whether explicitly provided for by thespecification or implied by the specification or not, may be implementedby one of skill in the art in view of this disclosure.

1. A modular power cell system, the system comprising: a first powercell module (102 a) disposed within a first casing (122 a) and includingmultiple first batteries (104), first voltage combination circuitry(106), a first multi-voltage bus (108) simultaneously carrying multiplevoltages each on a respective line of the first multi-voltage bus, firstinter-module multi-voltage bus connectors (112) on top and bottomsurfaces of the first power cell module, and a first user output port(114) carrying an output voltage from one of the lines of the firstmulti-voltage bus and configured to connect to an electronic appliance(150) and to supply power to the electronic appliance, wherein the firstvoltage combination circuitry comprises multiple voltage outputs eachcorresponding to a respective serial connection of the multiplebatteries, a parallel connection of the multiple batteries, or acombination of serial or parallel connections of the multiple batteries;a second power cell module (102 b) disposed within a second casing (122b) and including a second multi-voltage bus and second inter-modulemulti-voltage bus connectors on top and bottom surfaces of the secondpower cell module, wherein a collective multi-voltage bus is formed fromthe first and second multi-voltage busses by electrically connecting thefirst and second inter-module multi-voltage bus connectors; connectionhardware on each power cell module to securely fasten and physicallyconnect the top or bottom surface of the first power cell module (102 a)and an opposite surface of the second power cell module (102 b) to forma portable stack of power cell modules, wherein the portable stackcomprises a mechanical connection between a plurality of inter-modulemulti-voltage bus connectors (112) on each power cell module, andenables an electrical connection that can provide power to electronicappliances from one or both power cell modules in the portable stack;voltage conversion circuitry (113) configured to convert a voltage fromone of the lines of the first multi-voltage bus to one or more of an ACvoltage, a DC voltage lower than the output voltages from the firstvoltage combination circuitry, a DC voltage greater than the outputvoltages from the first voltage combination circuitry; wherein the firstvoltage combination circuitry (106) is configured to provide themultiple output voltages simultaneously, and wherein the first voltagecombination circuitry further comprises a first set of terminals thatprovide a first output voltage based on a series connection of all saidfirst batteries, a second set of terminals that provides a second outputvoltage based on a parallel connection of all said first batteries, anda third set of terminals that provides a third output voltage based on aparallel connection of two sets of batteries, wherein each of said twosets of batteries is a series connection of at least two of said firstbatteries; wherein the first voltage combination circuitry (106) furthercomprises multiple diodes configured to prohibit short-circuits amongthe output voltages, establish a connection between the batteryterminals, and provide said multiple output voltages without the use ofa multiplexer, transformer, voltage multiplier, or charge pump; andcontrol circuitry (110) configured to selectively connect or disconnectthe first voltage combination circuitry from the first multi-voltagebus; wherein one or more additional power cell modules are stackablewith the portable stack of power cell modules to jointly power theelectronic appliances, and wherein the one or more additional power cellmodules can be removed from the portable stack of power cell moduleswithout interrupting the power provided by the portable stack of powercell modules to the electronic appliances; wherein, when the first andsecond power cell modules are connected to each other, the user outputport supplies power to the electronic appliance from both the first andsecond power cell modules; and wherein the first power cell module isconfigured to continue supplying power to the electronic appliance ifthe second power cell module is detached and electrically disconnectedfrom the first power cell module.